（2016年05月09日）
<div class=TRS_Editor><DIV class='TRS_Editor'><style id=_Custom_V6_Style_> .TRS_Editor TABLE{font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;} .TRS_Editor{font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;} .TRS_Editor P{font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;line-height:1.4;} .TRS_Editor H1,.TRS_Editor H2,.TRS_Editor H3,.TRS_Editor H4,.TRS_Editor H5,.TRS_Editor H6,.TRS_Editor HR,.TRS_Editor BLOCKQUOTE,.TRS_Editor DL,.TRS_Editor DD,.TRS_Editor DT,.TRS_Editor OL,.TRS_Editor UL,.TRS_Editor LI,.TRS_Editor PRE,.TRS_Editor CODE,.TRS_Editor TEXTAREA,.TRS_Editor SELECT,.TRS_Editor CITE,.TRS_Editor PRE,.TRS_Editor CENTER,.TRS_Editor TABLE,.TRS_Editor DIV{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;line-height:1.4;} .TRS_Editor FORM,.TRS_Editor FIELDSET,.TRS_Editor LEGEND,.TRS_Editor SELECT,.TRS_Editor TR,.TRS_Editor TD,.TRS_Editor TH{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;line-height:1.4;} .TRS_Editor BUTTON,.TRS_Editor OPTION,.TRS_Editor ADDRESS,.TRS_Editor DFN,.TRS_Editor EM,.TRS_Editor VAR,.TRS_Editor KBD,.TRS_Editor INPUT,.TRS_Editor SMALL,.TRS_Editor SAMP,.TRS_Editor SUB,.TRS_Editor SUP,.TRS_Editor SPAN,.TRS_Editor A,.TRS_Editor B,.TRS_Editor I,.TRS_Editor U,.TRS_Editor S,.TRS_Editor STRONG,.TRS_Editor LABEL,.TRS_Editor IMG,.TRS_Editor BR,.TRS_Editor FONT{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:0;} </style> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" align="left"> （一九五O年一月十三日）</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" align="center"> </p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">一、中国的钢铁工业大体上是帝国主义侵入后，适应于帝国主义的需要而建立起来的，炼铁的设备多，炼钢的设备少，同时压延轧钢设备又不能符合于钢炉的产量，一切都极不适合。所以，现在产量的估计，一九五○年生铁是八十八万吨，钢锭是六十五万吨，钢材只有四十九万吨。要使全国各地压延轧钢设备日夜不停地工作，才能略为补救这一缺点，这就需要有很好的组织与运输才能办到。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">一九三一年以来，钢铁入口主要是重钢轨，这是我们当时所不能制造的。这次会议中有些人主张订出制造重钢轨的计划，但为了慎重起见，会议没有订出这方面的计划，要先把太原二千五百马力的马达改型后，才能加以考虑。同时，给鞍山订购的七十五万吨重型钢材轧钢机是否今年内能运来，也还是个问题；大渡口轧制设备尚在研究调查中，迟一步才有结论。因此，今年重钢轨我们还不能制造。为了使全部设备不闲着，便要先造小钢材，假如造得太多也不要紧，暂时存放起来，留两三年后用。估计一九五二年左右便可全力制造重钢轨与较大的钢材，那时一年可生产出六千至七千五百公里的钢轨。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">二、对钢铁工业的投资是一百五十六万吨小米，数目很大。这是不得已的，因为钢铁工业是一切工业之母，不能不着重来搞，例如小丰满〔2〕发电要补充钢柱，工业上需要薄的洋铁皮，要造无缝钢管。现在太原只能造十八公斤重的钢轨，而我们则需要三十二公斤重的，最好是四十二公斤重的钢轨。基于上述种种原因，只能把大量的投资放在钢铁工业方面。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">三、现在最大的问题是调动技术人员，把关内的调到关外去，这也是一项困难工作。技术人员不肯去关外的原因有两个：一是关外太冷，待遇低，离家乡远。所以，现在要提高待遇，生活上各方面予以切实照顾。二是本位主义，华东、华北不放人。这一点，我们非严格要求不可，本位主义一定要打倒。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">四、苏联专家对我们的帮助很大。这之前我们的技术主要是从日本来的，但日本的技术比不上苏联，如果按照日本的方式，炉皮便太厚，而苏联是主张薄的。这次在苏联专家帮助之下，减少了生铁有效容积，增加了钢锭量，并且还缩减了许多时间。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">五、收集废铁。现在部分地区的铁太少，由于矿坑不修整，使铁供不应求。过去炼钢，用的废铁占百分之四十，如果把废铁收集起来，就能解决很多问题。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">根据中央档案馆保存的讲话记录稿刊印。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">注 释</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">〔1〕这是陈云在政务院第十五次政务会议上讨论钢铁问题时的讲话。标题为编者所加。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">〔2〕小丰满，即今丰满发电厂，也称丰满水电站，位于吉林省吉林市东南、松花湖出口处。</p> </DIV></div>