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陈云文集第二卷——今后应多在城市税收方面打主意

(2016年05月09日)

 

<div class=TRS_Editor><DIV class='TRS_Editor'><style id=_Custom_V6_Style_> .TRS_Editor TABLE{font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;} .TRS_Editor{font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;} .TRS_Editor P{font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;line-height:1.4;} .TRS_Editor H1,.TRS_Editor H2,.TRS_Editor H3,.TRS_Editor H4,.TRS_Editor H5,.TRS_Editor H6,.TRS_Editor HR,.TRS_Editor BLOCKQUOTE,.TRS_Editor DL,.TRS_Editor DD,.TRS_Editor DT,.TRS_Editor OL,.TRS_Editor UL,.TRS_Editor LI,.TRS_Editor PRE,.TRS_Editor CODE,.TRS_Editor TEXTAREA,.TRS_Editor SELECT,.TRS_Editor CITE,.TRS_Editor PRE,.TRS_Editor CENTER,.TRS_Editor TABLE,.TRS_Editor DIV{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;line-height:1.4;} .TRS_Editor FORM,.TRS_Editor FIELDSET,.TRS_Editor LEGEND,.TRS_Editor SELECT,.TRS_Editor TR,.TRS_Editor TD,.TRS_Editor TH{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;line-height:1.4;} .TRS_Editor BUTTON,.TRS_Editor OPTION,.TRS_Editor ADDRESS,.TRS_Editor DFN,.TRS_Editor EM,.TRS_Editor VAR,.TRS_Editor KBD,.TRS_Editor INPUT,.TRS_Editor SMALL,.TRS_Editor SAMP,.TRS_Editor SUB,.TRS_Editor SUP,.TRS_Editor SPAN,.TRS_Editor A,.TRS_Editor B,.TRS_Editor I,.TRS_Editor U,.TRS_Editor S,.TRS_Editor STRONG,.TRS_Editor LABEL,.TRS_Editor IMG,.TRS_Editor BR,.TRS_Editor FONT{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:0;} </style> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (一九五O年一月六日)</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" align="center">&nbsp;</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" align="left">毛主席并中央:</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">为统一全国财政,贯彻执行一九五○年度概算,于去年十一、十二两月连续召开了税务、盐税、粮食三个会议。各地区同志在会议开始时,都向中财委诉苦,说实在负担不起了,无法完成任务。后来把我们的家务完全摆出来,经过一项一项的核算,要求大家想办法,意见趋于一致。农民负担占其总收入的百分之二十,已够重了,不能再加,可是也不能减轻。城市负担比较轻,今后应多在城市税收方面打主意。决定在简化税制下,首先抓货物税(这是税收的最大一项,包括烟、酒、盐产、水产等)、工商税(包括营业所得、临时商业、摊贩牌照等)、盐税和粮税等主要收入;其次是整理印花税、交易税、屠宰税、房屋税、地产税、遗产税、使用牌照税、利息所得税、薪给报酬所得税、特种消费税(包括娱乐、筵席、旅店、冷食等)。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">征税方法对收入有决定影响,进城后各地向来有争论。上海是自报实缴,轻税重罚;京津是自报公议,民主评定。上海收得少,中外资本家较满意;京津收得多,中外资本家颇多不满。经过研讨,二者都有缺点,决定今后一律采取自报实缴与民主评定相结合,既能增多收入又能够堵住资本家的嘴。为了好说话,税目税率除取消几种最不合理者外,一般依照国家规定,适当扩大货物税征收范围,增加了罐头、纸张、五金、电料、橡胶、钟表、钢笔、砖瓦、石灰、暖水瓶、自行车、植物油、蛋制品,取不伤廉,多数人拥护。其中问题较多、关系广大群众生活、可能被人指摘者,有:(一)棉纱。国民党时期税率为百分之十,我们提高为百分之十二。棉纱业公少私多,为中国民族资本家最突出的一项产业。(二)盐税。我们原来征得较轻,斤盐半斤米,现提高一倍,为斤盐斤米,加了一倍。(三)薪给报酬所得税。数目不大,但涉及工人、职员负担,可能引起叫喊。经政务院讨论,认为棉纱征税不多,结果党外人士大多赞成。盐税虽提高一倍,比抗战前仍低,抗战前百斤盐征税合米一百四十到一百七十斤,增税后群众中可以通过。薪给报酬税,有些高级薪俸生活者应该征,工人、职员也应对国家负些责,全年收入不过二亿斤,数目很小,但对回笼货币有很大作用。为照顾工人,每月收入在二百五十斤以下者免征。以上已在政务院会议通过,苏联专家也力主增税,说比发票子、发公债好。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">公粮经过详细算账,去年结余加今年夏征共可达到二百二十三亿八千六百万斤,比原概算超二十四亿零二百万斤。其中西北、华中稍微减了些,东北、内蒙古、华东稍微加了些,西南加得最多。西南原定二十亿斤,近根据刘、邓〔2〕来电,可征四十亿斤,即比原定增二十亿斤,且说不成问题。会议核定,今年税收任务为二百二十亿三千万斤,其中关税十五亿,盐税三十二亿,其他一百七十三亿三千万斤,比原概算超过三十二亿五千万斤,各区代表都已认可。税收中关税是估计的,盐税最可靠,其他税收在于组织和工作,做好可以完成任务,如努力不够,工作做不好,可能完不成。公粮会有部分尾欠,但大数不会错。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">此外,目前全国财政上有以下几个问题需要继续决定:(一)税收法令不统一,农业负担办法全国有三十余种,征免范围、税率高低也各不相同,工商业税法是一个大城市一个样子。(二)负担不平衡,农业税西北较重,工商税东南较轻。(三)财务行政不统一,制度很不健全,收支无确数。(四)开源节流已引起各级领导注意,但轻税思想和开支浪费现象仍很严重。运算问题,我们均在努力解决中。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">陈、薄〔3〕</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">一月六日</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">根据中央档案馆保存的原件刊印。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">注  释</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">〔1〕这是陈云同薄一波联名给毛泽东并中共中央的报告。标题为编者所加。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">〔2〕刘,指刘伯承,当时任中共中央西南局第二书记、西南军政委员会主席。邓,指邓小平(一九○四——一九九七),四川广安人,当时任中共中央西南局第一书记、西南军政委员会副主席。</p> <p style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; text-transform: none; color: rgb(68,68,68); outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding-top: 0px; font: 13px/28px Simsun; outline-style: none; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; widows: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; outline-color: invert; padding-right: 0px; text-indent: 2em; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">〔3〕陈,指陈云。薄,指薄一波,当时任政务院财政经济委员会副主任、财政部部长。</p> </DIV></div>